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Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous (benign) growths that develop in or around the uterus (womb).
They are made up of muscle and fibrous tissue and can vary in size from very small (like a pea) to very large (like a melon).
Fibroids are a common condition and affect up to 70–80% of women by the age of 50.
They most often occur during a woman’s reproductive years and tend to shrink after menopause.
They can cause significant symptoms in some women and may affect quality of life.
Diagnosis of uterine fibroids is typically confirmed by imaging, such as pelvic ultrasound or MRI.
Sometimes they may be found incidentally during a routine pelvic examination.
Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids
Not all fibroids cause symptoms. When they do, symptoms can range from mild to severe and may change over time.
Heavy or prolonged periods (menorrhagia)
Pelvic pain or pressure
Bloating or a feeling of fullness in the lower abdomen
Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder
Pain during sex
Constipation
Lower back pain
In some cases, fibroids can impact fertility or complicate pregnancy.
The type, size, number, and location of fibroids can all influence the symptoms experienced.
Treatment for Uterine FIbroids
Treatment for uterine fibroids is individualised and depends on the severity of symptoms, the size and location of the fibroids, the woman’s age, and whether she is planning a pregnancy.
Some fibroids do not require treatment unless they are causing symptoms.
Management is typically overseen by a specialist gynaecologist and treatment may involve observation, medication, or surgery.
Gynaecologists are experts in managing uterine fibroids and will work with you to determine the most suitable approach.
Medications
Medications can help to control symptoms but do not usually eliminate the fibroids. Options include:
Hormonal treatments: such as the oral contraceptive pill or progesterone-releasing intrauterine devices (IUDs), to reduce heavy bleeding.
GnRH analogues: can shrink fibroids temporarily by reducing oestrogen levels.
Tranexamic acid or NSAIDs: to reduce bleeding and pain during menstruation.
Procedures and Surgery
If symptoms are severe or fibroids are large, surgery may be advised. Options include:
Myomectomy: surgical removal of fibroids, preserving the uterus (suitable for women who wish to retain fertility).
Hysterectomy: complete removal of the uterus, which permanently resolves fibroid symptoms.
Uterine artery embolisation (UAE): a minimally invasive procedure to shrink fibroids by cutting off their blood supply.
Find A Specialist
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Dr Kate van Harselaar
Gynecologist
