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Infertility

Infertility is when a couple has been unable to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected sex. It affects about one in seven couples. Infertility can be due to factors in either partner, or sometimes both.

Causes Assessment Treatment Find A Specialist

Struggling to conceive can be a distressing experience, affecting emotional wellbeing, relationships, and future plans. Support and treatment are available, and many people do go on to have children with medical help. 

There are many possible reasons for difficulty conceiving. In women, infertility may be linked to problems with ovulation, conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), blocked fallopian tubes (sometimes from infection or endometriosis), or issues with the uterus. In men, infertility is often related to low sperm count, poor sperm quality, or problems with sperm delivery. 

In some cases, no clear cause is found - this is called unexplained infertility. 

You should see your gynaecologist if you have been trying to conceive for more than a year without success.

Women over the age of 35, or anyone with known risk factors (such as irregular periods, history of pelvic infection, or previous surgery), should seek help earlier. 

How is Infertility Assessed?

Assessment usually begins with a detailed medical history and physical examination of both partners. Investigations may include: 

  • Blood tests to check hormone levels and ovulation 

  • Ultrasound scan to examine the ovaries, womb, and fallopian tubes 

  • Semen analysis to assess sperm count and quality 

Further tests such as hysterosalpingography (an X-ray of the womb and fallopian tubes) or laparoscopy may be recommended in some cases. 

Infertility Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the cause of infertility, age, and personal circumstances and sometimes a combination of approaches is recommended.   

Infertility can be emotionally challenging, and feelings of frustration, sadness, or guilt are common. Counselling and support groups can help you and your partner cope during investigations and treatment. 

Many couples will conceive with treatment, while others may explore options such as donor sperm or eggs, or adoption. Your fertility specialist will guide you through the options best suited to your situation. 

You do not need to face infertility alone - specialist care, treatment, and emotional support are available to help you on your journey. 

Lifestyle Changes

Lifestyle changes such as achieving a healthy weight, stopping smoking, and reducing alcohol.

Medication

Medications are available and may be recommended to stimulate ovulation.

Surgery

Surgical treatment for conditions like endometriosis or blocked tubes may be required.

Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Assisted reproductive technologies, including intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) may be recommended.

Find A Specialist

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  • Dr Kate van Harselaar

    Gynaecologist