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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition that affects how the ovaries work.
It can cause a range of symptoms and may affect fertility, metabolism, and long-term health.

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People with PCOS typically have at least two of the following three features: 

  • Irregular or infrequent periods 

  • Higher levels of male-type hormones (androgens), which may lead to excess hair growth or acne 

  • Polycystic ovaries, seen on pelvic ultrasound – ovaries that contain many small follicles 

PCOS affects up to 1 in 10 people assigned female at birth, often starting in the teenage years or early 20s.

It is a lifelong condition, but symptoms can often be well managed with the right support.

 How is PCOS diagnosed? 

There’s no single test for PCOS. Diagnosis is based on: 

  • Your symptoms 

  • Blood tests (to check hormone levels) 

  • Ultrasound scan of the ovaries 

Symptoms of PCOS

Symptoms can vary and may include: 

  • Irregular, infrequent, or absent periods 

  • Difficulty getting pregnant 

  • Acne or oily skin 

  • Excess facial or body hair (hirsutism) 

  • Thinning hair 

  • Weight gain or difficulty losing weight 

  • Dark patches of skin (especially on the neck or underarms) 

Treatment for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

PCOS cannot be cured, but symptoms can be managed effectively.

Treatment depends on your symptoms and whether you're planning to become pregnant. 

A gynaecologist can help you with performing tests to confirm the diagnosis, regulating periods, managing symptoms, and supporting fertility if you’re trying to conceive.  

PCOS is common and manageable. Your gynaecologist can help you to find the right treatment and lifestyle approach, helping you to take control of your symptoms and protect your long-term health.

Lifestyle Changes

Managing PCOS may include healthy eating and regular exercise, which can improve hormone balance, regulate periods, and reduce insulin resistance.

Even a small amount of weight loss (5–10%) may significantly improve symptoms.

Medications

Medications can also be helpful for some people: 

  • Hormonal contraceptives: to regulate periods and reduce acne and hair growth 

  • Anti-androgen medications: to reduce unwanted hair or acne 

  • Metformin: a medication used to improve insulin sensitivity and support weight loss 

  • Fertility treatments (e.g., ovulation induction): if you're trying to get pregnant 

Find A Specialist

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  • Dr Kate van Harselaar

    Gynaecologist