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Vaginal Thrush (Yeast Infection)
Vaginal thrush, also known as candidiasis, is a common condition caused by an overgrowth of a yeast called Candida. This yeast normally lives harmlessly in the vagina, but if the balance is disrupted it can multiply and cause symptoms.
Thrush is not usually considered a sexually transmitted infection, though it can sometimes be passed between partners. It is common, often uncomfortable, but rarely serious.
Common symptoms include:
Itching, soreness, or irritation around the vagina and vulva
Thick, white discharge (like cottage cheese, usually with little or no smell)
Redness or swelling of the vulva
Stinging or burning when passing urine
Discomfort or pain during sex
How is vaginal thrush diagnosed?
Your specialist will usually diagnose thrush from your symptoms and medical history.
Sometimes they may examine the area or take a sample of discharge, especially if the infection keeps coming back.
Vaginal Thrush Treatment
Thrush is usually treated with antifungal medicines. These may be creams or pessaries used inside the vagina or a tablet taken by mouth.
Identifying and reducing triggers can also help. For example, wearing breathable cotton underwear, avoiding perfumed products, and managing underlying health conditions can make a difference.
Vaginal thrush is very common and usually clears quickly with treatment. Even if it keeps coming back, there are effective options to control symptoms and prevent recurrence. You don’t need to live with ongoing discomfort - talk to your gynaecologist for support and treatment.
You should seek further medical advice if your symptoms do not improve with treatment, if they return quickly, if you are pregnant, or have other medical conditions that affect your immune system.
Recurrent Thrush
Having thrush four or more times in a year is called recurrent thrush. This can feel frustrating and distressing, but it is a common problem and can be managed.
If thrush keeps coming back, your specialist may recommend a longer course of antifungal treatment, sometimes lasting several months.
Recurrent thrush can be linked to a number of triggers. These may include recent or frequent use of antibiotics, changes in hormone levels such as during pregnancy or perimenopause, diabetes that is not well controlled, or a weakened immune system. Irritation from tight clothing, perfumed soaps, or vaginal washes can also make symptoms more likely.
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Dr Kate van Harselaar
Gynaecologist
