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Vaginal Thrush (Yeast Infection)

Vaginal thrush, also known as candidiasis, is a common infection caused by an overgrowth of a yeast called Candida. This yeast normally lives harmlessly in the vagina, but if the balance is disrupted, it can multiply and cause symptoms.

Symptoms & Diagnosis Treatment Find A Specialist

Thrush is not usually considered a sexually transmitted infection, though it can sometimes be passed between partners. It is common, often uncomfortable, but rarely serious.  

Common symptoms include: 

  • Itching, soreness, or irritation around the vagina and vulva 

  • Thick, white discharge (like cottage cheese, usually with little or no smell) 

  • Redness or swelling of the vulva 

  • Stinging or burning when passing urine 

  • Discomfort or pain during sex 

How is vaginal thrush diagnosed? 

Your specialist will usually diagnose thrush from your symptoms and medical history.

Sometimes they may examine the area or take a sample of discharge, especially if the infection keeps coming back.  

Vaginal Thrush Treatment

Thrush is usually treated with antifungal medicines. These may be creams or pessaries used inside the vagina or a tablet taken by mouth. 

Vaginal thrush is very common and usually clears quickly with treatment. Even if it keeps coming back, there are effective options to control symptoms and prevent recurrence. You don’t need to live with ongoing discomfort - talk to your gynaecologist for support and treatment.  

If thrush keeps coming back, your specialist may recommend a longer course of antifungal treatment, sometimes lasting several months.

You should seek further medical advice if your symptoms do not improve with treatment, if they return quickly, or if you are pregnant or have other medical conditions that affect your immune system. 

Recurrent Thrush

Having thrush four or more times in a year is called recurrent thrush. This can feel frustrating and distressing, but it is a common problem and can be managed. 

Recurrent thrush can be linked to a number of triggers. These may include recent or frequent use of antibiotics, changes in hormone levels such as during pregnancy or perimenopause, diabetes that is not well controlled, or a weakened immune system. Irritation from tight clothing, perfumed soaps, or vaginal washes can also make symptoms more likely. 

Triggers

Identifying and reducing triggers can also help. For example, wearing breathable cotton underwear, avoiding perfumed products, and managing underlying health conditions can make a difference. In some cases, maintenance antifungal treatment is advised to keep symptoms under control. 

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  • Dr Kate van Harselaar

    Gynaecologist